قارن الطرق

	تخطيط الشبكية الكهربائي	أخذ العينات الحيوانية البؤرية
المجال	العلوم البيطرية	العلوم البيطرية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1953	1974
صاحب الطريقة	Gunnar Svaetichin	Jeanne Altmann
النوع	Functional Assessment Technique	Behavioral Sampling Protocol
المصدر التأسيسي	Marmor, M. F., Fulton, A. B., Holder, G. E., Miyake, Y., Brigell, M., & Bach, M. (2009). ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography. Documenta Ophthalmologica, 118(1), 69-77.	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.
الأسماء البديلة	ERG, retinal recording, functional assessment	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Electroretinography (ERG) is an electrophysiological technique that records the electrical activity generated by the retina in response to light stimulation. By measuring the amplitude and timing of the resulting potential, ERG provides objective assessment of retinal photoreceptor and bipolar cell function independent of the animal's ability to see. It is essential for diagnosing inherited retinal dystrophies, assessing retinal toxicity, and monitoring disease progression in both clinical and veterinary ophthalmology.	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.