قارن الطرق

	الاختبارات السمية البيئية	تقييم الأثر البيئي
المجال	الهندسة البيئية	الهندسة البيئية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1975	1970
صاحب الطريقة	EPA and OECD	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
النوع	experimental measurement and analysis pipeline	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline
المصدر التأسيسي	OECD. (2011). Test Guidelines for Chemicals. OECD Publishing.	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910
الأسماء البديلة	toxicity testing, aquatic bioassay, ecotoxicity assessment, organism exposure testing	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	Ecotoxicological testing is a suite of standardized laboratory and field methods to assess the toxicity of chemical substances to aquatic and terrestrial organisms (fish, invertebrates, algae, plants, soil fauna). Developed by regulatory agencies (OECD, EPA, EMEA) since the 1970s, these tests measure lethal concentration (LC50, EC50) and sublethal endpoints (growth, reproduction, behavior) under controlled conditions. Ecotoxicological data support chemical hazard classification, environmental risk assessment, and regulatory approval of new substances.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.