قارن الطرق

	تقييم خدمات النظم البيئية	DPSIR Framework
المجال	الاستدامة	الاستدامة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1997	1993
صاحب الطريقة	Robert Costanza, Rudolf de Groot, and team	OECD, refined by European Environment Agency
النوع	Valuation method	Diagnostic framework
المصدر التأسيسي	Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farberk, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., ... & van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253-260.	European Environment Agency (1999). Environmental Indicators: Typology and Overview. EEA Technical Report No. 25. Copenhagen: EEA.
الأسماء البديلة	ESV, Natural capital accounting, Environmental valuation	DPSIR, PSR, Pressure-State-Response
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Ecosystem Services Valuation (ESV) is a framework pioneered by Costanza and colleagues (1997) that assigns economic value to the benefits nature provides to humanity—from pollination and water purification to climate regulation and cultural enjoyment. Formalized in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB 2010), ESV bridges ecology and economics to make the invisible value of ecosystems visible to policymakers and markets.	The DPSIR Framework (Driving force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response) is a diagnostic and policy tool developed by the OECD (1993) and refined by the European Environment Agency (1999) to structure environmental and sustainability problems. It organizes causal relationships from economic activity through to policy interventions, enabling governments and organizations to identify where to intervene for environmental improvement.