قارن الطرق

	البرمجة الديناميكية	أساليب تدرج السياسة
المجال	التحسين	تعلم الآلة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	1957	1992
صاحب الطريقة	Richard Bellman	Ronald Williams (REINFORCE); Sutton et al. (policy gradient theorem)
النوع	Exact combinatorial optimization via recursive decomposition	Policy-based reinforcement learning
المصدر التأسيسي	Bellman, R. (1957). Dynamic Programming. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0-691-07951-6	Williams, R. J. (1992). Simple statistical gradient-following algorithms for connectionist reinforcement learning. Machine Learning, 8(3–4), 229–256.
الأسماء البديلة	DP, Bellman's Principle of Optimality, Recursive Optimization, Dinamik Programlama	REINFORCE, actor-critic, policy optimization, politika gradyanı
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	Dynamic Programming (DP) is an exact optimization technique introduced by Richard Bellman in 1957 for solving multi-stage decision problems. It decomposes a complex problem into simpler, overlapping subproblems, solves each subproblem once, and stores the results to avoid redundant computation. Grounded in the Principle of Optimality, DP guarantees globally optimal solutions whenever the problem exhibits overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.	Policy gradient methods are reinforcement-learning algorithms that optimize a parameterized policy directly by gradient ascent on the expected return, rather than learning action-values and acting greedily. Founded on Ronald Williams' 1992 REINFORCE algorithm and the policy gradient theorem of Sutton and colleagues (2000), they naturally handle stochastic and continuous action spaces and underpin modern actor-critic and deep-RL algorithms.