قارن الطرق

	الرادار ثنائي الاستقطاب	الرياح الحرارية
المجال	علم الأرصاد الجوية	علم الأرصاد الجوية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1990s	1920s
صاحب الطريقة	Bringi, Chandrasekar	Jacobbian insights from geostrophic flow
النوع	Radar measurement technique	Wind-temperature relationship
المصدر التأسيسي	Kumjian, M. R. (2013). The impact of precipitation on supercell electrification: Lightning potential and storm structure changes. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 69(11), 3353-3375.	Holton, J. R. (2004). An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology (4th ed.). Academic Press.
الأسماء البديلة	Dual-pol radar, Polarimetric radar, Dual-polarization, Dual-pol	Thermal wind, Vertical wind shear, Barotropic
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Dual-polarization (dual-pol) radar is a weather radar system that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves in both horizontal and vertical polarizations simultaneously. This technique, operational in weather services since the 2010s, provides detailed information about precipitation particle type, shape, and size distribution, enabling improved rainfall estimates and better discrimination of hail, rain, and snow.	The thermal wind relationship is a fundamental meteorological principle that links vertical wind shear to horizontal temperature gradients. It states that wind speed increases with height in the direction of warming—a direct consequence of hydrostatic and geostrophic balance combined with the ideal gas law.