قارن الطرق

	قياس الجرعة الإشعاعية	محاكاة مونت كارلو لنقل النيوترونات والجسيمات
المجال	الفيزياء النووية	الفيزياء النووية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1896	1949
صاحب الطريقة	Wilhelm Röntgen, Henri Becquerel	Nicholas Metropolis, Stanislaw Ulam
النوع	experimental measurement methodology	probabilistic computational method
المصدر التأسيسي	Knoll, G. F. (2010). Radiation Detection and Measurement (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.	Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo Method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341.
الأسماء البديلة	dose measurement, radiation monitoring, exposure quantification	Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic transport, particle history method
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Dosimetry measurement is the experimental quantification of radiation dose and exposure, originating from Röntgen and Becquerel's 1890s discoveries. It employs specialized detectors (ion chambers, TLD, Geiger counters) to measure photon and particle energy deposition in biological tissue or materials, providing direct evidence of exposure for worker protection, patient dose verification, and environmental monitoring.	Monte Carlo neutron and particle transport is a stochastic simulation method that tracks individual particle histories through matter, developed by Metropolis and Ulam in 1949 during the Manhattan Project. By sampling random numbers to determine collision locations, energy transfers, and scattering angles, it produces unbiased estimates of reaction rates, flux distributions, and detector responses without discretizing angle or energy variables.