قارن الطرق

	قياس الجرعة الإشعاعية	تحليل التنشيط النيوتروني
المجال	الفيزياء النووية	الفيزياء النووية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1896	1936
صاحب الطريقة	Wilhelm Röntgen, Henri Becquerel	George de Hevesy, Hilde Levi
النوع	experimental measurement methodology	analytical measurement technique
المصدر التأسيسي	Knoll, G. F. (2010). Radiation Detection and Measurement (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.	Chadwick, J. (1932). Possible Existence of a Neutron. Nature, 129(3252), 312.
الأسماء البديلة	dose measurement, radiation monitoring, exposure quantification	NAA, activation analysis, trace element analysis
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Dosimetry measurement is the experimental quantification of radiation dose and exposure, originating from Röntgen and Becquerel's 1890s discoveries. It employs specialized detectors (ion chambers, TLD, Geiger counters) to measure photon and particle energy deposition in biological tissue or materials, providing direct evidence of exposure for worker protection, patient dose verification, and environmental monitoring.	Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is an analytical technique for determining elemental composition by bombarding samples with neutrons to produce radioactive isotopes, invented by de Hevesy and Levi in 1936. By measuring decay gamma rays from irradiated samples, NAA quantifies trace and major elements with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy without requiring destructive dissolution or complex sample preparation.