قارن الطرق

	القومية الرقمية	تحليل الخطاب	Thematic Analysis
المجال	نوعي	البحث النوعي	البحث النوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Late 1990s – 2000s	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	2006
صاحب الطريقة	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke
النوع	Qualitative research method	Method	Method
المصدر التأسيسي	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
الأسماء البديلة	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	TA, Reflexive Thematic Analysis
ذات صلة	6	2	3
الملخص	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Thematic Analysis (TA) is a qualitative research methodology for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) in qualitative data. Developed systematically by Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke (2006), TA is flexible and accessible, applicable across diverse theoretical frameworks and data types, making it one of the most widely used qualitative methods in psychology, health research, and social sciences.