قارن الطرق

	المسعر التفاضلي الماسح	CALPHAD
المجال	علم المواد	علم المواد
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1964	1970
صاحب الطريقة	E. S. Watson	Larry Kaufman
النوع	Measurement method	Computational method
المصدر التأسيسي	Watson, E. S., O'Neill, M. J., Justin, J., & Brenner, N. (1964). A differential scanning calorimeter for quantitative differential thermal analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 36(7), 1233-1238.	Kaufman, L., & Bernstein, H. (1970). Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams. Academic Press.
الأسماء البديلة	DSC, differential thermal analysis, thermal analysis	CALPHAD method, computational thermodynamics
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal characterization technique that measures the heat flow required to maintain a sample and an inert reference at the same temperature while both are heated or cooled. Invented by Watson, O'Neill, and colleagues in 1964, DSC directly quantifies enthalpy changes during phase transitions, crystallization, melting, and chemical reactions. It is the standard tool in materials science, chemistry, and pharmaceutical research for determining thermodynamic properties, thermal stability, and kinetics of thermal transitions.	CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) is a computational method for predicting thermodynamic equilibrium properties and phase diagrams of multicomponent alloys. Pioneered by Larry Kaufman in 1970, CALPHAD combines experimental and computational data to assess thermodynamic properties of phases and subsequently predict equilibrium conditions. It is the standard methodology in physical metallurgy and materials design for alloy development, process optimization, and understanding phase stability.