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| تحليل التباين التفاضلي للفقرات (DIF)× | اختبار ثبات القياس× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | القياس النفسي | القياس النفسي |
| العائلة | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 1988 | 2000 |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Paul W. Holland & Dorothy T. Thayer (Mantel-Haenszel approach, 1988) | Vandenberg & Lance |
| النوع≠ | Item-level fairness / measurement equivalence analysis | Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | Holland, P. W. & Thayer, D. T. (1988). Differential Item Performance and the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure. ETS Research Report Series. link ↗ | Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70. DOI ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة≠ | Madde Yanlılık Analizi (DIF — Differential Item Functioning), item bias analysis, Mantel-Haenszel DIF, Lord chi-square DIF | Factorial Invariance, Measurement Equivalence, Configural-Metric-Scalar Testing, Ölçüm Değişmezliği |
| ذات صلة≠ | 4 | 3 |
| الملخص≠ | Differential Item Functioning analysis examines whether examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — who have the same underlying ability respond differently to a test item. First formalised by Holland and Thayer in 1988 via the Mantel-Haenszel procedure, it is the principal tool in modern test development for detecting and removing item bias. | Measurement invariance testing is a sequence of nested confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models that examines whether a psychological scale measures the same latent construct in the same way across distinct groups or time points. Systematized and popularized by Vandenberg and Lance (2000), the procedure tests a hierarchy of constraints — from identical factor patterns to identical item intercepts — so that researchers can justify meaningful group comparisons on latent means. |
| ScholarGateمجموعة البيانات ↗ |
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