قارن الطرق

	مقياس صورة الوجهة	مقياس الارتباط بالمكان
المجال	إدارة السياحة	إدارة السياحة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1991	1992
صاحب الطريقة	Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B.	Williams, D. R.; Vaske, J. J.
النوع	Self-report questionnaire / Semantic differential scale	Self-report questionnaire
المصدر التأسيسي	Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15.	Williams, D. R., & Vaske, J. J. (1992). The measurement of place attachment: Valid and reliable instruments for natural environments. Society and Natural Resources, 15(3), 271-280.
الأسماء البديلة	DIS, Destination Perception Scale	PAS, Destination Attachment Scale
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The Destination Image Scale (DIS) measures how potential or actual visitors perceive and emotionally evaluate a tourism destination. Developed by Echtner & Ritchie (1991) and extended by Baloglu & Brinberg (1997), it captures both rational beliefs about destination attributes (attractions, climate, value, safety) and affective emotional responses (excitement, pleasantness, arousal). Destination image is a primary driver of visitation intention and repeat patronage, making the DIS essential for destination marketing strategy and competitive positioning.	The Place Attachment Scale (PAS), developed by Williams & Vaske (1992) and refined by Jorgensen & Stedman (2001), measures individuals' emotional and functional bonds to destinations—the extent to which places become integral to identity and sense of belonging. Comprising dimensions of place identity (destination as self-definition), place dependence (destination optimizes one's activities), emotional bonds (love, comfort), and community belonging, the PAS distinguishes deep loyalty-drivers from transactional satisfaction. Essential for understanding repeat visitation, community tourism governance, heritage conservation, and destination branding strategies that cultivate belonging.