قارن الطرق

	الإحصاء الوصفي	اختبار ت للعينات المستقلة
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1977	1908
صاحب الطريقة	John W. Tukey	Student (W. S. Gosset)
النوع	Summary procedure	Parametric mean comparison
المصدر التأسيسي	Tukey, J.W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 978-0201076165	Student (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, 6(1), 1–25.
الأسماء البديلة	summary statistics, exploratory data summary, Betimsel İstatistik	student t-test, two-sample t-test, unpaired t-test, bağımsız örneklem t-testi
ذات صلة	6	4
الملخص	Descriptive statistics is a set of procedures that numerically and visually summarises the essential characteristics of a dataset: central tendency (mean, median, mode), spread (standard deviation, interquartile range), shape (skewness, kurtosis), and frequency distributions. Systematised for applied data analysis by John W. Tukey in his 1977 work on Exploratory Data Analysis, descriptive statistics serves as the indispensable first step before any inferential or modelling procedure.	The independent samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of two independent groups to decide whether they differ significantly. It builds on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and assumes the measured values are continuous, approximately normally distributed, and have equal variances.