قارن الطرق

	منهجية دلفي	Multi-Criteria Policy Analysis
المجال	نوعي	Public Policy
العائلة	Process / pipeline	MCDM
سنة النشأة	1963	2002
صاحب الطريقة	Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Valerie Belton & Theodor Stewart (synthesis); MCDA tradition
النوع	Structured iterative expert-elicitation process	Multi-criteria decision analysis applied to policy appraisal
المصدر التأسيسي	Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1963). An Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467.	Belton, V., & Stewart, T. J. (2002). Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN: 9780792375050
الأسماء البديلة	Delphi Yöntemi, Delphi technique, expert consensus method	Multi-Criteria Analysis for Policy, MCDA Policy Appraisal, MCA in Policy, Multi-Criteria Policy Appraisal
ذات صلة	5	3
الملخص	The Delphi method is a structured, iterative survey technique developed by Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer at the RAND Corporation in 1963 for eliciting and converging expert opinion on complex topics where empirical data are unavailable or insufficient. It collects independent judgements from a geographically dispersed expert panel over multiple anonymous rounds, feeding aggregated results back to participants after each round so they can revise their views in light of the group's collective position.	Multi-criteria policy analysis applies multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to appraise and rank policy options against several, often conflicting, objectives that cannot be reduced to a single money metric. Each option is scored on a set of explicit criteria — economic, social, environmental, distributional — the criteria are weighted to reflect their relative importance, and the scores are aggregated into an overall value that ranks the options. Set out comprehensively in Belton and Stewart's 2002 textbook and operationalised for government in the UK's widely used Multi-Criteria Analysis Manual, the approach makes the trade-offs in a policy decision transparent and structured rather than implicit.