قارن الطرق

	Curriculum-Based Measurement	Educational Growth Curve Modeling
المجال	Education	Education
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1985	1987
صاحب الطريقة	Stanley Deno and colleagues (University of Minnesota)	Anthony Bryk & Stephen Raudenbush; Judith Singer & John Willett
النوع	Standardized, repeated brief measures for monitoring academic progress	Longitudinal multilevel model of individual change
المصدر التأسيسي	Deno, S. L. (1985). Curriculum-based measurement: The emerging alternative. Exceptional Children, 52(3), 219–232.	Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195152968
الأسماء البديلة	CBM, Curriculum-Based Progress Monitoring, General Outcome Measurement, CBM Probes	Latent Growth Curve Modeling in Education, Multilevel Growth Models for Achievement, Individual Growth Trajectory Analysis, Learning Trajectory Modeling
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is a standardized system of brief, repeated assessments used to monitor a student's academic progress over time. Developed by Stanley Deno and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, CBM uses short, technically adequate probes — such as one-minute oral reading fluency or math computation samples — sampled from the year's curriculum at a fixed difficulty. Scores are charted week by week, and the slope of improvement is compared against a goal line to judge whether instruction is working and to trigger timely changes.	Educational growth curve modeling is a longitudinal multilevel technique for describing and explaining how individual students change over time on an outcome such as reading or mathematics achievement. Building on the hierarchical linear models framework formalized by Bryk and Raudenbush (1987) and the applied longitudinal treatment of Singer and Willett (2003), it fits each student a personal trajectory — an intercept and one or more slopes — and then models how those personal growth parameters vary across students and relate to learner characteristics, classrooms, and schools.