قارن الطرق

	توزيع الأبطاء المقطعي	الإسقاطات المحلية
المجال	الاقتصاد القياسي	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2001	2005
صاحب الطريقة	Pesaran, Shin, and Smith	Oscar Jorda
النوع	Distributed lag model	Multi-horizon regression
المصدر التأسيسي	Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships and dynamics. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.	Jorda, O. (2005). Estimation and inference of impulse responses by local projections. American Economic Review, 95(1), 161-182.
الأسماء البديلة	Panel distributed lag model	LP-IR, Multi-horizon regression
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	CS-DL (Cross-Sectional Distributed Lag) is a simplified dynamic panel model regressing outcomes on current and lagged explanatory variables without explicit autoregressive terms, while accounting for cross-sectional dependence. Built on Pesaran et al. (2001) and extended by Chudik et al. (2014), it estimates dynamic effects more parsimoniously than ARDL when autocorrelated lags are less critical. This approach is valuable for short-horizon effects and policy impact analysis.	Local Projections (LP) is a semi-parametric method for estimating impulse responses directly via multi-horizon regressions, bypassing VAR-model specification. Introduced by Jorda (2005), it projects outcomes h periods ahead onto current shocks and lags, producing impulse-response functions without assuming a particular lag structure or VAR order. This flexibility has made it the dominant approach in applied macroeconomics for measuring policy effects and shock transmission.