قارن الطرق

	تجربة متقاطعة متعددة الأذرع	التجربة العاملية
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Mid-20th century; multi-arm extensions formalized by 1970s–1980s	1926–1935
صاحب الطريقة	Developed from early crossover trial methodology (Williams 1949; Cochran & Cox 1957)	Ronald A. Fisher
النوع	Within-subject experimental design with multiple treatment arms	Quantitative experimental design
المصدر التأسيسي	Jones, B., & Kenward, M. G. (2003). Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials (2nd ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584883869	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
الأسماء البديلة	multi-arm crossover trial, multi-period multi-treatment crossover, CMAT, multi-treatment crossover experiment	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	A crossover multi-arm experiment is a within-subject experimental design in which each participant receives three or more treatments (arms) across successive periods, with random assignment to sequence. Because every participant experiences all arms, the design eliminates between-subject variability from treatment comparisons, dramatically increasing statistical power for a given sample size. It is widely used in clinical pharmacology, psychology, agriculture, and behavioral research.	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.