قارن الطرق

	التحقق المتقاطع	اختبار التبديل (العشوائية)
المجال	اتخاذ القرار	الإحصاء
العائلة	MCDM	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1974	2005
صاحب الطريقة	Stone, M.	Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition
النوع	Robustness wrapper — k-fold cross-validation for MCDM stability	Nonparametric resampling test
المصدر التأسيسي	Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B	Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792
الأسماء البديلة	—	randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi
ذات صلة	0	5
الملخص	CROSS-VALIDATION (Cross-Validation — k-fold hold-out validation of MCDM decision consistency) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stone, M. in 1974. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value.