قارن الطرق

	تحليل الجداول المتقاطعة	اختبار فيشر الدقيق
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1900	1922
صاحب الطريقة	Karl Pearson	R. A. Fisher
النوع	Descriptive and inferential categorical analysis	Exact test of independence for categorical data
المصدر التأسيسي	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157–175.	Fisher, R. A. (1922). On the interpretation of chi-squared from contingency tables, and the calculation of P. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85(1), 87–94.
الأسماء البديلة	crosstab, contingency table analysis, two-way frequency table, bivariate frequency analysis	Fisher-Irwin test, exact test of independence, Fisher'ın Kesin Testi
ذات صلة	5	2
الملخص	Cross-tabulation analysis (contingency table analysis) is a foundational descriptive and inferential technique for examining the relationship between two or more categorical variables. It arranges observed frequencies into a table of rows and columns, enabling visual inspection of patterns and formal chi-square testing of independence between the variables.	Fisher's exact test is a nonparametric exact-probability test of independence for small-sample contingency tables, introduced by R. A. Fisher in 1922. Rather than relying on a large-sample approximation, it computes the exact probability of the observed table directly from the hypergeometric distribution.