قارن الطرق

	المنهج الإثنوغرافي النقدي	الظاهراتية
المجال	نوعي	نوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Late 20th century (~1980s–1993 systematisation)	Early 20th century (Husserl ~1900–1913; Heidegger ~1927)
صاحب الطريقة	Jim Thomas (systematised); rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory (Adorno, Horkheimer) and feminist/postcolonial traditions	Edmund Husserl (transcendental); Martin Heidegger (hermeneutic)
النوع	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research approach
المصدر التأسيسي	Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Sage Publications.	Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957466
الأسماء البديلة	critical ethnographic research, critical qualitative ethnography, advocacy ethnography, emancipatory ethnography	Fenomenoloji, phenomenological inquiry, phenomenological analysis
ذات صلة	6	6
الملخص	Critical ethnography is a qualitative research approach that combines sustained fieldwork immersion with explicit critical theory to examine how power, inequality, and ideology shape the lived experiences of marginalised communities. Unlike conventional ethnography, which aims to describe a culture as it is, critical ethnography commits the researcher to questioning what is taken for granted and to producing knowledge that can serve as a resource for social change. Rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory and expanded through feminist, postcolonial, and race-critical traditions, it treats the research process itself as a political act.	Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that investigates how participants live through and make sense of a specific experience. Rooted in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl and extended by Martin Heidegger, it aims to reveal the essential structures of lived experience rather than to measure or predict outcomes. The two most widely applied variants are Husserl's transcendental phenomenology, which seeks universal essences, and Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology, which emphasises interpretation within context.