قارن الطرق

	المنهج الإثنوغرافي النقدي	تحليل الخطاب	النظرية المجذرة
المجال	نوعي	البحث النوعي	البحث النوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Late 20th century (~1980s–1993 systematisation)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	1967
صاحب الطريقة	Jim Thomas (systematised); rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory (Adorno, Horkheimer) and feminist/postcolonial traditions	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
النوع	Qualitative research method	Method	Method
المصدر التأسيسي	Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Sage Publications.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
الأسماء البديلة	critical ethnographic research, critical qualitative ethnography, advocacy ethnography, emancipatory ethnography	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
ذات صلة	6	2	3
الملخص	Critical ethnography is a qualitative research approach that combines sustained fieldwork immersion with explicit critical theory to examine how power, inequality, and ideology shape the lived experiences of marginalised communities. Unlike conventional ethnography, which aims to describe a culture as it is, critical ethnography commits the researcher to questioning what is taken for granted and to producing knowledge that can serve as a resource for social change. Rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory and expanded through feminist, postcolonial, and race-critical traditions, it treats the research process itself as a political act.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.