قارن الطرق

	Coping Strategies Index	Household Livelihood Survey
المجال	Development Studies	Development Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1996	2000
صاحب الطريقة	Daniel Maxwell; CARE / World Food Programme	Frank Ellis; CIFOR Poverty Environment Network
النوع	Behaviour-based food-insecurity index	Multi-source income and assets household survey
المصدر التأسيسي	Maxwell, D. G. (1996). Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of 'coping strategies'. Food Policy, 21(3), 291–303.	Ellis, F. (2000). Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198296966
الأسماء البديلة	CSI, Reduced Coping Strategies Index, rCSI, Coping strategies score	Livelihood survey, Household income survey, Rural livelihoods survey, Income and assets survey
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Coping Strategies Index (CSI) is a behaviour-based indicator of household food insecurity that counts and weights the consumption-related coping strategies households adopt when they cannot access enough food. Developed by Daniel Maxwell in the 1990s and standardised in the CARE/WFP field manual, it asks how frequently a household resorted to behaviours such as eating less-preferred foods, borrowing food, reducing portion sizes, restricting adult consumption, or skipping meals, and combines frequency with severity into a single score that is quick to collect and well suited to monitoring and early warning.	A household livelihood survey is an instrument designed to capture the full portfolio of activities, income sources, assets, and expenditures through which a household secures its living. Rooted in the rural-livelihoods literature associated with Frank Ellis and in global comparative income studies such as the CIFOR Poverty Environment Network, it measures welfare and resilience by mapping the diversity of a household's economic activities — farming, wage labour, self-employment, environmental harvesting, transfers, and remittances — rather than reducing the household to a single income or consumption figure.