قارن الطرق

	Concentric Zone Model	Central Place Analysis
المجال	Urban Studies	Human Geography
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1925	1933
صاحب الطريقة	Ernest W. Burgess (Chicago School)	Walter Christaller
النوع	Descriptive urban-ecology model of concentric land-use and social zones	Theory and analytic framework for the size, number, and spacing of settlements
المصدر التأسيسي	Park, R. E., Burgess, E. W., & McKenzie, R. D. (1925). The City. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226646114	Christaller, W. (1966). Central Places in Southern Germany (C. W. Baskin, Trans.). Prentice-Hall. (Original work published 1933). ISBN: 9780131226302
الأسماء البديلة	Burgess Model, Concentric Ring Model, Burgess Concentric Zone Theory, Urban Ecology Zonal Model	Central Place Theory, Christaller Central Place Model, Settlement Hierarchy Analysis, Central Place Hierarchy
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The concentric zone model, formulated by sociologist Ernest Burgess of the Chicago School in the 1920s, describes the city as a set of concentric rings of land use and social structure expanding outward from a central business district. Each ring — from the commercial core, through a transitional zone of factories and tenements, to successive rings of workers' homes, better residences, and commuters — represents a stage in the city's outward growth. Published in the 1925 volume The City, it was the first influential model of urban spatial structure and treated the city through the lens of human ecology, with zones competing and invading one another like species in an ecosystem.	Central place analysis is the study of the size, number, and spacing of settlements as service centres, grounded in Walter Christaller's central place theory of 1933. It explains why settlements form an orderly hierarchy — many small villages, fewer towns, a handful of cities — and why higher-order centres are spaced farther apart and offer more specialized goods, deriving the famous nested pattern of hexagonal market areas from two economic concepts: the range and the threshold of a good.