قارن الطرق

	دراسة حالة مقارنة	النتنوغرافيا
المجال	نوعي	نوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake)	1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book)
صاحب الطريقة	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake	Robert V. Kozinets
النوع	Qualitative / mixed research design	Qualitative research method
المصدر التأسيسي	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907
الأسماء البديلة	cross-case study, multi-site case study, multiple case study design, comparative case analysis	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography
ذات صلة	4	6
الملخص	Comparative case study is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded cases are studied in depth and then systematically compared to identify similarities, differences, and patterns across contexts. Rooted in Yin's replication logic and Stake's multiple case framework, it is particularly suited to questions that ask how or why a phenomenon unfolds differently — or similarly — across distinct settings, populations, or time periods.	Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction.