قارن الطرق

	دراسة الأتراب	تحليل التباين للمقاييس المتكررة
المجال	علم الأوبئة	الإحصاء
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)	1992
صاحب الطريقة	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)	Girden (textbook treatment); Field (2013)
النوع	Observational longitudinal study design	Parametric within-subjects mean comparison
المصدر التأسيسي	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed., Ch. 14). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185
الأسماء البديلة	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study	within-subjects ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance, rm-ANOVA, Tekrarlı Ölçüm ANOVA
ذات صلة	6	4
الملخص	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.	Repeated-measures ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares three or more measurements taken from the same individuals — typically across time points or conditions — to decide whether their means differ. It extends one-way ANOVA to within-subjects designs, as treated in standard references such as Girden (1992) and Field (2013).