قارن الطرق

	Coale Fertility Indices	Total Fertility Rate
المجال	علم السكان	علم السكان
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1969	2001
صاحب الطريقة	Ansley J. Coale (Princeton European Fertility Project)	Classical demographic index (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)
النوع	Standardized indices of fertility relative to a maximum (Hutterite) schedule	Period summary fertility index synthesizing age-specific fertility rates
المصدر التأسيسي	Coale, A. J., & Watkins, S. C. (Eds.). (1986). The Decline of Fertility in Europe. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691629278	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512
الأسماء البديلة	Coale's Indices, Princeton European Fertility Project Indices, Indices of Overall, Marital and Nuptiality Fertility	TFR, Period total fertility rate, Sum of age-specific fertility rates, Toplam Doğurganlık Hızı
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Coale's fertility indices are a set of standardized measures — If (overall fertility), Ig (marital fertility), Ih (nonmarital fertility), and Im (proportion married, an index of marriage) — that express a population's childbearing relative to the highest reliably recorded natural-fertility schedule, that of the Hutterites. Devised by Ansley Coale for the Princeton European Fertility Project, they hold the maximum age schedule of fertility fixed so that differences between populations reflect real differences in fertility and marriage rather than age structure, and they tie together into a single identity linking overall fertility to marriage and to fertility within and outside marriage.	The total fertility rate (TFR) is the central period measure of fertility in demography: the average number of children a woman would bear over her lifetime if she experienced, at each age, the age-specific fertility rates observed in a given year. Computed by summing age-specific fertility rates across the reproductive ages, the TFR removes the influence of population age structure and gives a single, intuitive figure — children per woman — that is comparable across populations and over time.