قارن الطرق

	Coale Fertility Indices	Singulate Mean Age at Marriage
المجال	علم السكان	علم السكان
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1969	1953
صاحب الطريقة	Ansley J. Coale (Princeton European Fertility Project)	John Hajnal
النوع	Standardized indices of fertility relative to a maximum (Hutterite) schedule	Indirect estimate of mean age at first marriage from census proportions
المصدر التأسيسي	Coale, A. J., & Watkins, S. C. (Eds.). (1986). The Decline of Fertility in Europe. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691629278	Hajnal, J. (1953). Age at marriage and proportions marrying. Population Studies, 7(2), 111–136.
الأسماء البديلة	Coale's Indices, Princeton European Fertility Project Indices, Indices of Overall, Marital and Nuptiality Fertility	SMAM, Hajnal's Mean Age at Marriage, Singulate Mean Age at First Marriage
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Coale's fertility indices are a set of standardized measures — If (overall fertility), Ig (marital fertility), Ih (nonmarital fertility), and Im (proportion married, an index of marriage) — that express a population's childbearing relative to the highest reliably recorded natural-fertility schedule, that of the Hutterites. Devised by Ansley Coale for the Princeton European Fertility Project, they hold the maximum age schedule of fertility fixed so that differences between populations reflect real differences in fertility and marriage rather than age structure, and they tie together into a single identity linking overall fertility to marriage and to fertility within and outside marriage.	The singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) is an indirect demographic estimate of the average age at first marriage, computed entirely from the proportions of people who have never married by age, as recorded in a single census or survey. Introduced by John Hajnal in 1953, it sidesteps the need for registered marriage dates: by treating the never-married proportions as a synthetic-cohort survival curve in the single state, it recovers the mean number of years lived single before first marriage among those who eventually marry.