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| سلسلة التوريد مغلقة الحلقة× | التخطيط التجميعي× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | إدارة العمليات | إدارة العمليات |
| العائلة | Machine learning | Machine learning |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 2003 | 1992 |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Guide, V. D. R., & Van Wassenhove, L. N. | Wallace, T. F. |
| النوع≠ | Supply chain strategy | Demand-supply planning framework |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | Guide, V. D. R., & Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2003). Business aspects of closed-loop supply chains. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University Press. link ↗ | Wallace, T. F. (1992). Sales & Operations Planning: The how-to handbook. Cincinnati: APICS Publications. link ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة | reverse logistics, circular economy logistics | sales and operations planning, production planning |
| ذات صلة | 5 | 5 |
| الملخص≠ | A closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) integrates forward logistics (moving products to customers) with reverse logistics (recovering products, components, or materials from customers) to optimize resource recovery, reduce waste, and minimize environmental impact. Products flow forward for customer use, then flow backward for remanufacturing, refurbishment, recycling, or proper disposal. CLSC is driven by regulatory compliance (e.g., take-back laws), cost recovery, environmental responsibility, and increasingly, customer demand for sustainable business practices. | Aggregate Planning (or Sales & Operations Planning, S&OP) is a collaborative, iterative process that balances demand and supply at a high level—typically grouping products into families and planning over a 3–18 month horizon. Developed formally by Tom Wallace and popularized through APICS, aggregate planning helps organizations align sales forecasts, production capacity, inventory, and workforce to meet demand efficiently while managing costs. It serves as the bridge between strategic business plans and detailed operational execution. |
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