قارن الطرق

	Citizen Participation Assessment	Network Governance Analysis
المجال	Public Administration	Public Administration
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1969	2008
صاحب الطريقة	Sherry R. Arnstein	Keith G. Provan & Patrick Kenis
النوع	Survey- and rubric-based participation assessment	Interorganizational network analysis framework
المصدر التأسيسي	Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224.	Provan, K. G., & Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229–252.
الأسماء البديلة	Public Participation Assessment, Ladder of Participation Analysis, Citizen Engagement Measurement, Participatory Governance Assessment	Governance Network Analysis, Public Network Governance Assessment, Collaborative Governance Network Analysis, Interorganizational Governance Network Analysis
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Citizen participation assessment is a method for evaluating how, and how genuinely, members of the public are involved in government decisions that affect them. Its conceptual backbone is Sherry Arnstein's 1969 'ladder of citizen participation,' which arranged forms of involvement on eight rungs ranging from manipulation and therapy (non-participation) through informing, consultation and placation (tokenism) up to partnership, delegated power and citizen control (degrees of citizen power). The assessment combines this ladder with surveys of participants and documentary review to classify a participation process by its level of real power-sharing, judge who is included, and diagnose whether engagement is substantive or merely symbolic.	Network governance analysis studies how public problems are addressed not by single hierarchical agencies but by networks of interdependent organizations — government bodies, nonprofits, firms and community groups — coordinating to deliver services or make policy. It combines the relational tools of social network analysis with Keith Provan and Patrick Kenis's influential 2008 typology of network governance, which distinguishes shared (participant-governed) networks, lead-organization-governed networks, and network administrative organizations. By mapping the structure of ties, computing network metrics, classifying the governance mode and relating these to outcomes, the method explains how a collaborative network is held together and why it performs as it does.