قارن الطرق

	تقريب بورن-أوبنهايمر	المحلل الكمومي المتغير
المجال	الحوسبة الكمومية	الحوسبة الكمومية
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	1927	2014
صاحب الطريقة	Max Born and Julius Robert Oppenheimer	Alberto Peruzzo
النوع	Fundamental approximation	Hybrid quantum-classical algorithm
المصدر التأسيسي	Born, M., Oppenheimer, J. R. (1927). Zur Quantentheorie der Moleküle. Annalen der Physik, 84, 457–484.	Peruzzo, A., McClean, J., Shadbolt, P., et al. (2014). A variational eigenvalue solver on a photonic quantum processor. Nature Communications, 5, 4213.
الأسماء البديلة	BO approximation, clamped nuclei	VQE, hybrid quantum-classical
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	The Born-Oppenheimer (BO) Approximation is a foundational assumption in molecular quantum mechanics that nuclei can be treated as fixed while solving for electrons, and vice versa. Introduced by Born and Oppenheimer in 1927, this separation reduces the complex many-body electronic-nuclear problem to a sequence of simpler problems, enabling nearly all molecular calculations.	The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm designed to find the lowest eigenvalue (ground state energy) of a quantum Hamiltonian. Introduced by Peruzzo et al. in 2014, it exploits the variational principle to combine the power of quantum circuits with classical optimization to solve chemistry and materials science problems on near-term quantum devices.