قارن الطرق

	الاستدلال بالتمهيد	إعادة أخذ العينات بالجاك نايف
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1979	1956
صاحب الطريقة	Bradley Efron	Quenouille (1956); reviewed by Miller (1974)
النوع	Resampling-based inference	Resampling / bias and variance estimation
المصدر التأسيسي	Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26.	Quenouille, M. H. (1956). Notes on Bias in Estimation. Biometrika, 43(3/4), 353-360.
الأسماء البديلة	bootstrap, bootstrap resampling, nonparametric bootstrap, Bootstrap Çıkarımı	leave-one-out resampling, Quenouille-Tukey jackknife, delete-one jackknife, Jackknife Yeniden Örnekleme
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Bootstrap inference, introduced by Bradley Efron in 1979, estimates the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement. It requires no distributional assumption and produces reliable confidence intervals even in small samples.	The jackknife is a classical resampling method that estimates the bias and variance of a statistic by systematically recomputing it with one observation left out at a time. Introduced by Quenouille in 1956 and later reviewed by Miller in 1974, it predates the bootstrap and remains a simple, deterministic tool for assessing estimator stability.