قارن الطرق

	تصوير الأسنان بالأشعة السينية (بيت وينج)	مؤشر DMFT (الأسنان المتسوسة، المفقودة بسبب التسوس، أو المرممة)
المجال	طب الأسنان	طب الأسنان
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1913 (original technique)	1938
صاحب الطريقة	Multiple innovators, formalized in 20th century	Henry Klein, Cedric Palmer, and James Knutson
النوع	Radiographic examination	Epidemiological index
المصدر التأسيسي	Ludlow, J. B., Davies-Ludlow, L. E., Brooks, S. L., & Howerton, W. B. (2006). Dosimetry of 3 intraoral digital imaging systems. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 101(2), 226-234.	Klein, H., Palmer, C. E., & Knutson, J. W. (1938). Studies on dental caries: I. Dental status and dental needs of elementary school children. Public Health Reports, 53(32), 1259-1274.
الأسماء البديلة	bitewing X-ray, bitewings, posterior radiography	DMF index, DMF score, DMFT score
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Bitewing radiography is a standard intraoral radiographic technique that captures the coronal portions of both maxillary and mandibular teeth in a single image, with the patient biting on a film holder or digital sensor. Introduced in the early 20th century and formalized as a diagnostic standard, bitewing radiographs are the primary image type for detecting approximal caries, monitoring alveolar bone level for periodontal disease assessment, and evaluating dental restorations and radiographic density changes. Digital bitewings have reduced radiation exposure and improved image quality and archiving.	The DMFT (Decayed, Missing due to caries, Filled) Index is a standardized epidemiological measure of dental caries experience in permanent dentition. Developed by Klein, Palmer, and Knutson in 1938, it quantifies the number of permanent teeth that are decayed, missing due to caries, or filled due to caries. The DMFT Index remains the most widely used caries index globally, enabling comparison of oral health across populations and tracking disease burden over time.