قارن الطرق

	اختبار ذي الحدين الدقيق	اختبار الإشارة (Sign Test)
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Regression model	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1988	1946
صاحب الطريقة	Classical exact test; textbook treatment by Siegel & Castellan	W. J. Dixon & A. M. Mood
النوع	Exact one-sample test for a proportion	Nonparametric median test
المصدر التأسيسي	Siegel, S. & Castellan, N. J. (1988). Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0070573574	Dixon, W. J. & Mood, A. M. (1946). The statistical sign test. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 41(236), 557–566.
الأسماء البديلة	exact binomial test, binomial probability test, exact test for a proportion, Tam Binom Testi	İşaret Testi (Sign Test), one-sample sign test, paired sign test
ذات صلة	2	4
الملخص	The exact binomial test checks whether the observed number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials is consistent with a pre-specified success probability p₀. Because it computes exact binomial tail probabilities rather than relying on a normal approximation, it is the gold standard for testing a proportion in small samples; this two-sided formulation follows Siegel & Castellan's classic treatment (1988).	The sign test is the simplest nonparametric hypothesis test for deciding whether the median of paired differences — or of a single sample — differs significantly from a hypothesised value. Formalised by W. J. Dixon and A. M. Mood in 1946, it imposes virtually no distributional assumptions and can be applied to any data where individual differences can be classified as positive or negative.