قارن الطرق

	اختبار ذي الحدين الدقيق	اختبار زد لنسبتين
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Regression model	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1988	1900
صاحب الطريقة	Classical exact test; textbook treatment by Siegel & Castellan	Karl Pearson / classical large-sample z approximation
النوع	Exact one-sample test for a proportion	Parametric proportion comparison
المصدر التأسيسي	Siegel, S. & Castellan, N. J. (1988). Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0070573574	Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions (3rd ed.). Wiley.
الأسماء البديلة	exact binomial test, binomial probability test, exact test for a proportion, Tam Binom Testi	z-test for proportions, two-sample proportion test, one-proportion z-test, Oran Testi — z Testi (Oranlar)
ذات صلة	2	4
الملخص	The exact binomial test checks whether the observed number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials is consistent with a pre-specified success probability p₀. Because it computes exact binomial tail probabilities rather than relying on a normal approximation, it is the gold standard for testing a proportion in small samples; this two-sided formulation follows Siegel & Castellan's classic treatment (1988).	The proportion test (z-test for proportions) is a parametric hypothesis test that compares one or two sample proportions against a reference value or each other. Grounded in the large-sample normal approximation formalized by Fleiss, Levin, and Paik (2003), it is the standard tool for binary outcome comparisons when samples are large enough for the central limit theorem to apply.