قارن الطرق

	تقرير بلمونت	قانون نورمبرغ
المجال	أخلاقيات البحث	أخلاقيات البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1979	1947
صاحب الطريقة	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (US DHEW)	International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg (Allied Powers)
النوع	Framework	Framework
المصدر التأسيسي	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.	Nuremberg Military Tribunal. (1947). Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10. United States Government Printing Office.
الأسماء البديلة	Belmont Principles, Three Ethical Principles	Code of Nuremberg, Ten Principles
ذات صلة	5	4
الملخص	The Belmont Report (1979) is the foundational US ethical framework for human subjects research, established by the National Commission following the Tuskegee Syphilis Study scandal. It articulates three core principles—Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice—that form the basis for institutional review and regulatory oversight of human research globally. Every researcher conducting human studies must understand and apply these principles.	The Nuremberg Code (1947) is the first international ethical code governing human experimentation, established by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg following trials of Nazi physicians for conducting torture and unethical experiments on concentration camp prisoners. Its ten principles, led by absolute requirement for voluntary informed consent, became the foundation for all modern research ethics governance and remain the gold standard for protecting research subjects from exploitation and abuse.