قارن الطرق

	Behavioral Mapping	Walkability Index
المجال	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1980	2010
صاحب الطريقة	William H. Whyte; Jan Gehl	Lawrence Frank and colleagues
النوع	Systematic spatial observation of how people occupy and move through public space	Composite neighbourhood index of how supportive the built environment is of walking
المصدر التأسيسي	Whyte, W. H. (1980). The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Conservation Foundation. ISBN: 9780891640578	Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Leary, L., Cain, K., Conway, T. L., & Hess, P. M. (2010). The development of a walkability index: Application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 924–933.
الأسماء البديلة	Place-Centered Mapping, Individual-Centered Mapping, Public Life Observation, Spatial Behavior Mapping	Frank Walkability Index, Walk Score, Neighborhood Walkability Index, Pedestrian Environment Index
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Behavioral mapping is the systematic, time-sampled observation of how people actually occupy and move through a public space, recorded directly onto a plan of the site. Developed in the urban context by William H. Whyte's filmed studies of New York plazas and formalized into a public-life methodology by Jan Gehl, it produces an empirical picture of where people sit, stand, walk, and gather, rather than where designers assumed they would. The two core modes — place-centered mapping of who is doing what at fixed moments, and individual-centered tracking of how single people move — together turn the invisible life of a space into mappable data.	A walkability index measures how well a neighbourhood's built environment supports walking, by combining a small set of land-use and street-design variables into a single score. The influential index developed by Lawrence Frank and colleagues sums standardized measures of residential density, land-use mix, street connectivity, and retail floor-area ratio, giving extra weight to intersection density because connected street grids most strongly enable walking. Consumer tools such as Walk Score popularized the same idea by scoring an address on the proximity and variety of nearby destinations, making walkability a routine input to planning, public health, and real-estate analysis.