قارن الطرق

	مقياس بيك لليأس (BHS)	NAS-PI
المجال	علم النفس الجنائي	علم النفس الجنائي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1974	2003
صاحب الطريقة	Aaron T. Beck, Albert Weissman, David Lester, Lori Trexler	Raymond W. Novaco
النوع	Self-report	Self-report
المصدر التأسيسي	Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865.	Novaco, R. W. (2003). The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI): Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
الأسماء البديلة	BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Hopelessness Assessment	NAS-PI, Novaco Anger Scale, Provocation Inventory
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by Aaron Beck and colleagues (1974) to measure the degree of hopelessness and pessimism about the future in adolescents and adults. It is grounded in Beck's cognitive theory of depression and suicide and is widely used in clinical, psychiatric, forensic, and research settings to assess suicide risk and identify individuals at elevated risk for self-harm and completed suicide.	The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI) is a comprehensive self-report assessment instrument developed by Raymond Novaco (2003) to measure dispositional anger and anger provocation in adolescents and adults. It integrates cognitive-behavioral theory of anger and emotional regulation, serving clinicians, forensic practitioners, and researchers in psychiatric, correctional, and clinical settings where anger dysregulation and aggression risk are clinical concerns.