قارن الطرق

	تقييم اختبارات الفحص البايزية	تصميم دراسة الدقة التشخيصية
المجال	علم الأوبئة	البحوث السريرية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1763 (theorem); clinical screening application formalized ~1959–1970s	2003-2015
صاحب الطريقة	Thomas Bayes (theorem, 1763); applied to clinical screening by Ledley & Lusted (1959)	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
النوع	Bayesian analytical framework for test evaluation	Research Design
المصدر التأسيسي	Fletcher, R. H., Fletcher, S. W., & Fletcher, G. S. (2014). Clinical Epidemiology: The Essentials (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1451144475	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
الأسماء البديلة	Bayesian diagnostic test evaluation, Bayesian predictive value analysis, posterior predictive value approach, Bayes theorem screening	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
ذات صلة	6	2
الملخص	Bayesian screening test evaluation applies Bayes' theorem to quantify how a screening test result changes the probability that an individual truly has a disease. Rather than reporting sensitivity and specificity in isolation, the approach centres on predictive values — the probability of disease given a positive or negative test — which depend critically on disease prevalence in the population being screened. The framework allows systematic updating of pre-test probability to post-test probability and supports decision-making under uncertainty.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.