قارن الطرق

	Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities	Hazards-of-Place Model of Vulnerability
المجال	Disaster Studies	Disaster Studies
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2010	2000
صاحب الطريقة	Susan L. Cutter, Christopher G. Burton & Christopher T. Emrich	Susan L. Cutter, Jerry T. Mitchell & Michael S. Scott
النوع	Composite indicator pipeline for inherent community resilience	Place-based spatial model integrating biophysical and social vulnerability
المصدر التأسيسي	Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T. (2010). Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7(1), Article 51.	Cutter, S. L., Mitchell, J. T., & Scott, M. S. (2000). Revealing the Vulnerability of People and Places: A Case Study of Georgetown County, South Carolina. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(4), 713-737.
الأسماء البديلة	BRIC Resilience Index, BRIC Index, Community Resilience Indicator Index	Hazards-of-Place Vulnerability Model, Place-Based Vulnerability Assessment, Hazards of Place Model
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	The Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) is a composite-index method, introduced by Susan Cutter, Christopher Burton, and Christopher Emrich in 2010, for benchmarking the inherent, pre-event resilience of places to hazards and disasters. Rather than measuring how a community actually performed after a specific event, BRIC measures the standing conditions — social, economic, community-capital, institutional, infrastructural, and environmental — that theory and evidence link to a community's capacity to prepare for, absorb, and recover from shocks. Indicators are normalized, sign-corrected so that higher always means more resilient, averaged within each dimension into subindices, and summed into a single comparable score for every place. The 2014 refinement standardized the dimensions and demonstrated the index across all U.S. counties, making BRIC one of the most widely used baseline resilience metrics in disaster studies.	The Hazards-of-Place model, introduced by Susan Cutter, Jerry Mitchell, and Michael Scott in a 2000 case study of Georgetown County, South Carolina, is a place-based, spatially explicit framework for assessing vulnerability to environmental hazards. Its central insight is that vulnerability is the product of two distinct components that come together at a location: biophysical vulnerability — the hazard exposure and physical conditions of a place — and social vulnerability — the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics that shape how populations there can prepare for, respond to, and recover from hazards. Implemented in a geographic information system, the model overlays hazard-risk layers (moderated by mitigation) with social-vulnerability layers to produce an integrated map of overall place vulnerability. By marrying the physical and the social in geographic space, it bridges the technocratic hazards tradition and the social-vulnerability tradition and became a foundation of modern vulnerability science.