قارن الطرق

	علم طبقات الأرض الأثري	تحليل نمطي
المجال	الأساليب الميدانية	الأساليب الميدانية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Formalized 1973–1979 (Harris Matrix); geological principle applied to archaeology from mid-19th century	Late 19th century (Montelius ~1885); extended broadly through 20th century
صاحب الطريقة	Edward C. Harris (Harris Matrix formalization); William Smith (geological law of superposition applied to archaeology, 19th c.)	Oscar Montelius (seriation/typology in archaeology); formalized across disciplines through 19th–20th c. comparative humanities
النوع	Field excavation and sequence recording method	Classificatory / interpretive method
المصدر التأسيسي	Harris, E. C. (1979). Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123264220	McKern, W. C. (1939). The Midwestern Taxonomic Method as an aid to archaeological culture study. American Antiquity, 4(4), 301–313.
الأسماء البديلة	stratigraphic excavation, Harris matrix method, stratigraphic sequence analysis, layer-by-layer excavation	typology construction, artifact typology, type analysis, classificatory typology
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	Archaeological stratigraphy is the systematic excavation and recording of soil layers, deposits, and features at an archaeological site in order to establish the relative chronological sequence of human activity. Grounded in the geological law of superposition — that lower layers are older than those above — it uses the Harris Matrix as a formal tool to map depositional relationships and reconstruct site history layer by layer.	Typological analysis is a systematic method for grouping objects, texts, legal categories, or social phenomena into defined types based on shared attributes. Originating in archaeology and linguistics, it is now widely applied across the humanities and social sciences to impose analytical order on diverse corpora, trace historical change, and enable meaningful comparison across cases or cultures.