قارن الطرق

	علم طبقات الأرض الأثري	منهج التاريخ الشفوي
المجال	الأساليب الميدانية	الأساليب الميدانية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Formalized 1973–1979 (Harris Matrix); geological principle applied to archaeology from mid-19th century	1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s
صاحب الطريقة	Edward C. Harris (Harris Matrix formalization); William Smith (geological law of superposition applied to archaeology, 19th c.)	Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie
النوع	Field excavation and sequence recording method	Qualitative historical-empirical method
المصدر التأسيسي	Harris, E. C. (1979). Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123264220	Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960
الأسماء البديلة	stratigraphic excavation, Harris matrix method, stratigraphic sequence analysis, layer-by-layer excavation	oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	Archaeological stratigraphy is the systematic excavation and recording of soil layers, deposits, and features at an archaeological site in order to establish the relative chronological sequence of human activity. Grounded in the geological law of superposition — that lower layers are older than those above — it uses the Harris Matrix as a formal tool to map depositional relationships and reconstruct site history layer by layer.	The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people.