قارن الطرق

	تحسين مستعمرة النمل	مُحسِّن الذئب الرمادي
المجال	التحسين	التحسين
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1992 (foundational thesis); 1997 (Ant Colony System formalization)	2014
صاحب الطريقة	—	Seyedali Mirjalili, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili, Andrew Lewis
النوع	Metaheuristic — swarm intelligence	Swarm-intelligence metaheuristic
المصدر التأسيسي	Dorigo, M. & Gambardella, L.M. (1997). Ant Colony System: A Cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 1(1), 53-66.	Mirjalili, S., Mirjalili, S. M., & Lewis, A. (2014). Grey Wolf Optimizer. Advances in Engineering Software, 69, 46-61.
الأسماء البديلة	ACO, Karınca Kolonisi Optimizasyonu (ACO), ant colony system	GWO, Gri Kurt Optimizasyonu, Gri Kurt Optimizasyonu (GWO)
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic algorithm introduced by Marco Dorigo and colleagues in the early 1990s that solves combinatorial optimisation problems by simulating the collective foraging behaviour of ants. Real ants lay pheromone trails on paths and preferentially follow stronger trails; ACO turns this positive-feedback mechanism into a search procedure that finds high-quality solutions to graph-structured problems such as the Travelling Salesman Problem, vehicle routing, and scheduling.	The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is a swarm-intelligence metaheuristic introduced by Mirjalili, Mirjalili, and Lewis in 2014 that models the social hierarchy and cooperative hunting behaviour of grey wolves. A population of candidate solutions is divided into four leadership ranks — alpha, beta, delta, and omega — and the three best solutions at each iteration guide the entire swarm toward increasingly better regions of the search space.