قارن الطرق

	أخلاقيات أبحاث الحيوان	تقرير بلمونت
المجال	أخلاقيات البحث	أخلاقيات البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1959	1979
صاحب الطريقة	Russell & Burch (1959); EU Directive 2010/63/EU; NIH, USDA, international adoption	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (US DHEW)
النوع	Framework	Framework
المصدر التأسيسي	Russell, W.M.S. & Burch, R.L. (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Methuen.	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
الأسماء البديلة	3Rs Framework, Animal Welfare Principles, Animal Research Ethics	Belmont Principles, Three Ethical Principles
ذات صلة	3	5
الملخص	The 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) is the ethical framework governing humane animal research, established by Russell and Burch (1959) and now adopted globally by research institutions, funding agencies, and regulatory bodies. The 3Rs require researchers to: replace animal research with non-animal methods where possible, reduce the number of animals used through rigorous design, and refine experimental procedures to minimize animal suffering. Implementation of the 3Rs is now mandatory in most jurisdictions through Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), EU Directive 2010/63/EU, and NIH policy.	The Belmont Report (1979) is the foundational US ethical framework for human subjects research, established by the National Commission following the Tuskegee Syphilis Study scandal. It articulates three core principles—Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice—that form the basis for institutional review and regulatory oversight of human research globally. Every researcher conducting human studies must understand and apply these principles.