قارن الطرق

	Adaptive Capacity Assessment	CPR Design-Principle Diagnostics
المجال	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2006	1990
صاحب الطريقة	Barry Smit & Johanna Wandel; IPCC (Adger et al.)	Elinor Ostrom; reviewed and refined by Michael Cox, Gwen Arnold & Sergio Villamayor-Tomas
النوع	Participatory, determinants-based assessment of the capacity to adapt	Diagnostic checklist for robustness of common-pool resource institutions
المصدر التأسيسي	Smit, B., & Wandel, J. (2006). Adaptation, Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 282-292.	Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521405997
الأسماء البديلة	Adaptive Capacity Appraisal, Capacity-to-Adapt Assessment, Vulnerability-Based Adaptation Assessment, Determinants of Adaptive Capacity Analysis	Design Principles Diagnostics, Commons Design Principles Analysis, Ostrom Design Principles, Robust CPR Institution Diagnostics
ذات صلة	4	3
الملخص	Adaptive capacity assessment evaluates the ability of a community, sector, or system to adjust to climate variability and change, to moderate harm, and to seize opportunities. It is the third and most actionable component of the IPCC vulnerability framework, the part that captures why two equally exposed and sensitive places can fare very differently. Barry Smit and Johanna Wandel's influential synthesis reframed vulnerability assessment around adaptive capacity and argued for a bottom-up, practitioner-oriented approach grounded in local knowledge of real exposures and coping. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report chapter on adaptation, by Adger and colleagues, catalogued the determinants of adaptive capacity, economic resources, technology, information, infrastructure, institutions, and equity, and the barriers that limit it in practice. Rather than producing a single index number, the assessment builds a rich, context-specific picture of what enables and constrains adaptation. Its purpose is to identify concrete entry points for strengthening the capacity to cope with a changing climate.	Common-pool resource (CPR) diagnostics evaluate a self-governing commons against the design principles that Elinor Ostrom, in Governing the Commons (1990), found to characterize long-enduring institutions for managing shared resources. A common-pool resource is one from which it is hard to exclude users but where one person's use subtracts from what is left for others, creating dilemmas of overuse and underprovision. Ostrom's comparison of irrigation systems, fisheries, forests, and grazing commons that had survived for generations against those that had collapsed yielded eight design principles, from clearly defined boundaries and rules matched to local conditions, through collective-choice arrangements, monitoring, graduated sanctions, and conflict resolution, to recognized rights to organize and nested enterprises. A later systematic review by Cox, Arnold, and Villamayor-Tomas confirmed and refined these principles. The method uses them as a diagnostic checklist to assess and explain the robustness of commons institutions.