قارن الطرق

	تحليل التنشيط النيوتروني	محاكاة مونت كارلو لنقل النيوترونات والجسيمات
المجال	الفيزياء النووية	الفيزياء النووية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1936	1949
صاحب الطريقة	George de Hevesy, Hilde Levi	Nicholas Metropolis, Stanislaw Ulam
النوع	analytical measurement technique	probabilistic computational method
المصدر التأسيسي	Chadwick, J. (1932). Possible Existence of a Neutron. Nature, 129(3252), 312.	Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo Method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341.
الأسماء البديلة	NAA, activation analysis, trace element analysis	Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic transport, particle history method
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is an analytical technique for determining elemental composition by bombarding samples with neutrons to produce radioactive isotopes, invented by de Hevesy and Levi in 1936. By measuring decay gamma rays from irradiated samples, NAA quantifies trace and major elements with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy without requiring destructive dissolution or complex sample preparation.	Monte Carlo neutron and particle transport is a stochastic simulation method that tracks individual particle histories through matter, developed by Metropolis and Ulam in 1949 during the Manhattan Project. By sampling random numbers to determine collision locations, energy transfers, and scattering angles, it produces unbiased estimates of reaction rates, flux distributions, and detector responses without discretizing angle or energy variables.