قارن الطرق

	القياس عن بعد الصوتي	أخذ العينات الحيوانية البؤرية
المجال	العلوم البيطرية	العلوم البيطرية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1960	1974
صاحب الطريقة	Fish Tracking Pioneer Community	Jeanne Altmann
النوع	Remote Monitoring Technology	Behavioral Sampling Protocol
المصدر التأسيسي	Eiler, J. H. (2013). Acoustic telemetry. In C. R. Cooke & D. W. Philipp (Eds.), Telemetry Techniques and Technology (pp. 1-45). Springer.	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.
الأسماء البديلة	acoustic tracking, telemetry monitoring, underwater tracking	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Acoustic telemetry is a remote tracking method in which small electronic transmitters attached to or implanted in animals emit unique acoustic signals detectable by underwater or terrestrial receiver networks, enabling real-time monitoring of animal movements, positions, and behavior over extended distances and times. Pioneered in fisheries research in the 1960s, acoustic telemetry is now standard for studying movement ecology, migration timing, and habitat use in aquatic and increasingly terrestrial systems.	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.