قارن الطرق

	الهولوغرافيا الصوتية	تشكيل الحزمة
المجال	علم الصوتيات	علم الصوتيات
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1985	1988
صاحب الطريقة	James Maynard, Earl Williams, Yongjian Lee	Van Veen, Barry Buckley
النوع	Sound field reconstruction method	Directional audio array processing
المصدر التأسيسي	Maynard, J. D., Williams, E. G., & Lee, Y. (1985). Near-field acoustic holography: I. Theory of generalized holography and the development of NAH. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 78(4), 1395–1413.	Van Veen, B. D., & Buckley, K. M. (1988). Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering. IEEE ASSP Magazine, 5(2), 4–24.
الأسماء البديلة	NAH, near-field acoustics, sound field mapping, acoustic imaging	beamformer, spatial filtering, microphone array, phased array
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Near-Field Acoustic Holography (NAH) is a technique for reconstructing 3D acoustic sound fields and visualizing sound radiation from sources by measuring pressure at a dense microphone array in the near field. Pioneered by Maynard, Williams, and Lee in 1985, NAH extends holographic principles from optics to acoustics, enabling detailed acoustic source characterization, noise source identification, and acoustic field visualization that is impossible with conventional single-point or line-array methods.	Beamforming is a spatial signal processing technique that uses microphone arrays to selectively enhance sound from a desired direction while suppressing sounds from other directions. Formalized by Van Veen and Buckley in 1988, beamforming is fundamental to hands-free speech communication, hearing aids, sonar, radar, and spatial audio recording. It enables 'listening' with directional sensitivity despite using omnidirectional microphones, by exploiting time delays and phase differences between array elements.