قارن الطرق

	Accessibility Analysis	Location Quotient
المجال	Human Geography	الاقتصاد
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1959	1960
صاحب الطريقة	Walter G. Hansen	Developed in regional science; codified by Walter Isard
النوع	Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location	Descriptive index of relative regional concentration
المصدر التأسيسي	Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76.	Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262090032
الأسماء البديلة	Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index	LQ, Coefficient of Localization, Regional Specialization Ratio
ذات صلة	4	3
الملخص	Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning.	The location quotient (LQ) is a simple descriptive index that measures how concentrated an industry is in a region relative to a larger reference area, usually the nation. It is the ratio of the industry's share of local employment (or output) to its share of national employment. An LQ above one means the region is more specialized in that industry than the nation as a whole; an LQ below one means it is under-represented.