قارن الطرق

	تصميم ABAB	تصميم التجربة على الفرد الواحد
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1960s (Sidman 1960; Baer et al. 1968)	1960s (Sidman 1960; formal applied codification by Kazdin and Baer in 1970s–1980s)
صاحب الطريقة	Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley (applied behavior analysis formalization)	Murray Sidman (foundational tactics); B. F. Skinner (applied behavior analysis lineage)
النوع	Single-subject experimental design	Experimental research design
المصدر التأسيسي	Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology. Basic Books.	Kazdin, A. E. (1982). Single-Case Research Designs: Methods for Clinical and Applied Settings. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195030440
الأسماء البديلة	reversal design, withdrawal design, ABAB reversal, operant reversal design	SSED, single-case experimental design, n-of-1 design, intrasubject replication design
ذات صلة	4	6
الملخص	The ABAB design is a single-subject experimental methodology that establishes causal control by repeatedly introducing and removing an intervention. A baseline phase (A) is followed by an intervention phase (B), then a return to baseline (A), and a second intervention phase (B), allowing the researcher to demonstrate that observed behavior changes are produced by the intervention rather than by coincidental factors.	Single-subject experimental design (SSED) establishes experimental control by repeatedly measuring one individual (or a small number of individuals) across baseline and intervention phases, using the participant as their own control. Instead of comparing groups, it compares the participant's own behavior across conditions over time. Widely used in applied behavior analysis, special education, rehabilitation, and clinical psychology, SSED allows causal inference from small or unique samples where group designs are impractical.