قارن الطرق

	تصميم AB	التجربة التكيفية
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1960s	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s
صاحب الطريقة	Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others
النوع	Single-subject experimental design	Experimental research design
المصدر التأسيسي	Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology. Basic Books.	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761
الأسماء البديلة	baseline-intervention design, AB single-case design, AB phase design	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization
ذات صلة	4	5
الملخص	The AB design is the simplest single-subject experimental design, consisting of two sequential phases: a baseline phase (A) in which the target behavior is observed under natural conditions without intervention, followed by an intervention phase (B) in which the treatment or manipulation is introduced. Changes in the behavior's level, trend, or variability between phases are used to infer the effect of the intervention on the individual participant.	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.