ScholarGate
Gundua
MaktabaMaktaba yanguDawatiKabla ya NdegeReview StudioMsaidizi
Eneo la kazi
Linganisha
Jenga maktaba yako

Hifadhi mbinu, panga mikusanyo na uzipeleke kwenye dawati lako.

Tengeneza akaunti
Maktaba
 / Vinjari
Ingia
Maktaba

Chunguza sayansi kwa mbinu, uwanja na ushahidi.

Katalogi moja ya mbinu za utafiti — jifunze jinsi kila moja inavyofanya kazi, wakati wa kuitumia, na kile isichoweza kufanya.

6,349 mbinu11 nyanja7 familia za mbinu40 lugha
Atlasi ya sayansiChora ramani ya muundo wa sayansi kabla ya kuitumia.Nyanja · mbinu · njia za ushahidiChunguza ramani
UwanjaHealth & Medicine716Psychology570Business & Finance410Engineering330Life Sciences263Education261Research Practice
ScholarGate

Maktaba ya marejeleo inayotanguliza maudhui kwa mbinu za utafiti — kila moja ni nini, inavyofanya kazi, na inakotoka.

Data huria (CC-BY)

Gundua

  • Maktaba
  • Tafuta mbinu…
  • Vinjari kwa nyanja
  • Nyanja
  • Safari
  • Linganisha
  • Mbinu ipi?

Marejeo

  • Taaluma
  • Atlas
  • Kamusi ya istilahi
  • Mbinu
  • Falsafa

Eneo la kazi

  • Maktaba yangu
  • Dawati
  • Gumzo

Kampuni

  • Kuhusu
  • Bei
  • Wasiliana nasi
  • Pendekeza mbinu

Maingizo yamekusanywa kutoka vyanzo vilivyochapishwa kwa madhumuni ya marejeo. Kuthibitisha usahihi na ufaafu wa taarifa yoyote kwa matumizi yako mwenyewe kunabaki kuwa jukumu lako.

© 2026 ScholarGate · Maktaba ya marejeleo ya mbinu za utafiti
  • Faragha
  • Vidakuzi
  • Masharti
  • Futa akaunti
248
Natural Sciences236
Social Sciences185
Environment & Sustainability160
Law30
MbinuTakwimu1,836AI na ujifunzaji wa mashine1,661Sayansi za Maamuzi932Mbinu za Utafiti1,354Upimaji1,745Visababishi na Ushahidi532Utendaji wa Utafiti118
852 Mbinu · Sayansi za MaamuziFuta
Mbinu halisi zinazolingana na kichujio chako.
PangaUmaarufuA–ZZ–AMpya zaidi
decision making

FUCOM-F

FUCOM-F (Fuzzy Full Consistency Method (TFN)) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamucar, D., Ecer, F. in 2018 crisp; 2020 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12018
soft computing

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

A fuzzy cognitive map, introduced by Bart Kosko in 1986, represents a system as a network of concepts connected by signed, weighted causal links, and simulates how the concepts influence one another over time. By combining the intuitive structure of a cognitive map with fuzzy weights and iterative activation, FCMs let

Vyanzo 21986
decision making

FUZZY-AHP

FUZZY-AHP (Fuzzy AHP — Fuzzy extension of the Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Van Laarhoven, P. J. M., Pedrycz, W. in 1983. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11983
decision making

FUZZY-ARAS

FUZZY-ARAS (Fuzzy ARAS — Fuzzy extension of ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Turskis, Z., Zavadskas, E. K. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12010
decision making

FUZZY-AROMAN

FUZZY-AROMAN (Fuzzy AROMAN — Fuzzy extension of AROMAN) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bošković et al. in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12023
decision making

FUZZY-BWM

FUZZY-BWM (Fuzzy BWM — Triangular Fuzzy Best-Worst Method) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Guo, S., Zhao, H. in 2015 crisp; 2017 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12015
decision making

FUZZY-COCOSO

FUZZY-COCOSO (Fuzzy CoCoSo — Fuzzy extension of COCOSO) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-CODAS

FUZZY-CODAS (Fuzzy CODAS — Fuzzy extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Hooshmand, R., Antucheviciene, J. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproduc

Chanzo 12017
decision making

FUZZY-COPRAS

FUZZY-COPRAS (Fuzzy COPRAS — Fuzzy extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-DELPHI

FUZZY-DELPHI (Fuzzy Delphi — Expert consensus with triangular fuzzy opinions and defuzzification) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kaufmann, A., Gupta, M. M. in 1988. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible r

Chanzo 11988
decision making

FUZZY-DNMA

FUZZY-DNMA (Fuzzy DNMA — Fuzzy extension of DNMA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-EDAS

FUZZY-EDAS (Fuzzy EDAS — Fuzzy extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-ELECTRE-I

FUZZY-ELECTRE-I (Fuzzy ELECTRE I (Group, Trapezoidal)) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hatami-Marbini, A., Tavana, M. in 1968 crisp; 2011 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11968
decision making

FUZZY-ELECTRE-II

FUZZY-ELECTRE-II (Fuzzy ELECTRE II — Fuzzy extension of ELECTRE-II) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B. & Bertier, P. (canonical crisp); Govindan, K., Grigore, M.C. & Kannan, D. (TFN applicator) in 1973 crisp; 2010 TFN applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives

Chanzo 11973
decision making

FUZZY-ELECTRE-III

FUZZY-ELECTRE-III (Fuzzy ELECTRE III — Fuzzy extension of ELECTRE-III) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Montazer, G. A., Qahri Saremi, H., Ramezani, M. (precursor: Qahri Saremi & Montazer 2007 WSEAS) in 2009. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteri

Chanzo 12009
decision making

FUZZY-FMEA-DEA

FUZZY-FMEA-DEA (Fuzzy Smart FMEA with DEA (FSFMEA) — Fuzzy FMEA + CCR Data Envelopment Analysis for corrective action prioritization) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Adesina, K.A.; Yazdi, M.; Zarei, E.; Pouyakian, M. (FSFMEA hybrid); Stamatis, D.H. 2003 (FMEA reference); Charnes-

Chanzo 12022
decision making

FUZZY-INFORMATION-AXIOM

FUZZY-INFORMATION-AXIOM (FIA — Fuzzy Information Axiom (Axiomatic Design under fuzzy data)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kahraman, C., Kulak, O. in 2008. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12008
decision making

FUZZY-MABAC

FUZZY-MABAC (Fuzzy MABAC — Fuzzy extension of MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-MARCOS

FUZZY-MARCOS (Fuzzy MARCOS — Fuzzy extension of MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-MAUT

FUZZY-MAUT (Fuzzy MAUT — Fuzzy extension of MAUT) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-MOORA

FUZZY-MOORA (Fuzzy MOORA — Fuzzy extension of MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-MULTIMOORA

FUZZY-MULTIMOORA (Fuzzy MULTIMOORA — Fuzzy extension of MULTIMOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-OCRA

FUZZY-OCRA (Fuzzy OCRA — Fuzzy extension of OCRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-PROMETHEE

FUZZY-PROMETHEE (Fuzzy PROMETHEE — Fuzzy extension of PROMETHEE) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Goumas, M., Lygerou, V. in 1986 crisp; 2000 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11986
decision making

FUZZY-PSI

FUZZY-PSI (Fuzzy PSI — Fuzzy extension of PSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-RAFSI

FUZZY-RAFSI (Fuzzy RAFSI — Fuzzy extension of RAFSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-RAWEC

FUZZY-RAWEC (Fuzzy RAWEC — Fuzzy extension of RAWEC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-ROV

FUZZY-ROV (Fuzzy ROV — Fuzzy extension of ROV) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-SAW

FUZZY-SAW (Fuzzy SAW (Bonissone 1982) - L-R trapezoidal Simple Additive Weighting) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bonissone, P. P. in 1982. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11982
decision making

FUZZY-SIWEC

FUZZY-SIWEC (Fuzzy SIWEC — Fuzzy Simple Weight Calculation (F-SIWEC)) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Puška, A. Nedeljković, M. Pamučar, D. Božanić, D. Simić, V. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproduci

Chanzo 12024
decision making

FUZZY-SPOTIS

FUZZY-SPOTIS (Fuzzy SPOTIS — Fuzzy extension of SPOTIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Shekhovtsov, A., Paradowski, B., Więckowski, J., Kizielewicz, B., Sałabun, W. in 2022. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible re

Chanzo 12022
decision making

FUZZY-TODIM

FUZZY-TODIM (Fuzzy TODIM — Fuzzy extension of TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-TOPSIS

FUZZY-TOPSIS (Fuzzy TOPSIS (Chen-Hwang 1992) — Trapezoidal fuzzy TOPSIS with Zadeh sup-min similarity distance) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, S.-J., Hwang, C.-L. in 1992. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducibl

Chanzo 11992
decision making

FUZZY-TOPSIS-CHEN2000

FUZZY-TOPSIS-CHEN2000 (Fuzzy TOPSIS (Chen 2000) — TOPSIS extension for group decision-making under fuzzy environment with triangular fuzzy numbers) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C.-T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a s

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-VIKOR

FUZZY-VIKOR (Fuzzy VIKOR — Fuzzy extension of VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Opricovic, S. in 2011. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12011
decision making

FUZZY-WASPAS

FUZZY-WASPAS (Fuzzy WASPAS — Fuzzy extension of WASPAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Turskis, Z., Zavadskas, E.K., Antucheviciene, J., Kosareva, N. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12015
decision making

FUZZY-WISP

FUZZY-WISP (Fuzzy WISP — Fuzzy extension of WISP) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12000
decision making

FUZZY-WPM

FUZZY-WPM (Fuzzy WPM (Kahraman-Birgun-Yenen 2008) - Triangular Fuzzy Weighted Product) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kahraman, C., Birgun, S., Yenen, V. Z. in 2008. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12008
gerontology

GAI

The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire developed by Pachana and colleagues in 2007 to assess anxiety symptoms specifically in older adults. Designed to address the limitations of general anxiety scales in detecting anxiety in older populations—where anxiety may present atypically o

Vyanzo 32007
game theory

Gale-Shapley Algorithm

The Gale-Shapley algorithm solves the stable marriage problem: how to match two groups (e.g., medical residents to hospitals, students to schools) such that no pair prefers each other to their assigned partners. Introduced by David Gale and Lloyd Shapley in 1962, the algorithm guarantees a stable matching in polynomial

Vyanzo 21962
otolaryngology

GBI

The Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) is an 18-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure change in health status and general well-being resulting from otolaryngologic intervention (surgery, medical treatment). Unlike generic health-related quality-of-life measures, the GBI is disease-specific, asking patients to

Chanzo 11996
optimization

Genetic Algorithm

A genetic algorithm (GA) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization method introduced by John Henry Holland (1975) that mimics the principles of natural selection. It maintains a population of candidate solutions and iteratively improves them through selection, crossover, and mutation operators, making it especia

Vyanzo 21975
decision making

GINI-WEIGHT

GINI-WEIGHT (Gini Coefficient Weighting — inequality-of-discrimination objective weighting) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Gini, C. in 1912. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11912
soft computing

GM(1,1) Grey Forecasting

GM(1,1) is the core forecasting model of grey system theory, introduced by Julong Deng in 1982, designed to predict from very few observations and incomplete information — situations where classical time-series models like ARIMA need far more data. It accumulates the raw series to expose a hidden exponential trend, fit

Vyanzo 21982
decision making

GOAL-PROGRAMMING

GOAL-PROGRAMMING (Goal Programming — Minimise deviations from multiple aspiration levels) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W. in 1955. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11955
palliative care

Good Death Inventory

The Good Death Inventory (GDI) is a 20-item self-report measure assessing the patient's and family's perception of whether the death was 'good'—characterized by pain control, peace, meaningful closure, preparation, maintenance of dignity, and a sense that life was lived fully. Developed by Ching and colleagues in Hong

Vyanzo 22009
decision making

Gower Distance

Gower distance is a versatile metric for comparing observations with mixed variable types (continuous, ordinal, categorical, and binary). Introduced by John C. Gower in 1971, this similarity coefficient computes a general measure that ranges from 0 (completely dissimilar) to 1 (identical). It automatically scales varia

Vyanzo 21971
decision making

GRA

GRA (Grey Relational Analysis) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Deng, J. L. in 1989. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11989
soft computing

Granular Computing

Granular computing is a problem-solving paradigm that processes information in 'granules' — clumps of objects drawn together by indistinguishability, similarity, or functionality — rather than at the level of individual data points. Articulated by Lotfi Zadeh in 1997 as fuzzy information granulation and developed into

Vyanzo 21997
soft computing

Grey Clustering

Grey Clustering is a classification method from grey systems theory that assigns objects to predefined grey classes using whitenization weight functions. Developed within the framework of Deng Julong's grey system theory and systematized by Sifeng Liu, it is particularly suited for situations involving small sample siz

Chanzo 12010
optimization

Grey Wolf Optimizer

The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is a swarm-intelligence metaheuristic introduced by Mirjalili, Mirjalili, and Lewis in 2014 that models the social hierarchy and cooperative hunting behaviour of grey wolves. A population of candidate solutions is divided into four leadership ranks — alpha, beta, delta, and omega — and the

Vyanzo 22014
decision making

GREY-ARAS

GREY-ARAS (Grey-ARAS — Grey extension of ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas & Turskis in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12010
decision making

GREY-CODAS

GREY-CODAS (Grey-CODAS — Grey extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J. in 2016. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12016
decision making

GREY-COPRAS

GREY-COPRAS (Grey-COPRAS — Grey extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A. in 1996. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11996
decision making

GREY-EDAS

GREY-EDAS (Grey-EDAS — Grey extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkic, D., Zavadskas, E. K., Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Turskis, Z. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12017
decision making

GREY-GRA

GREY-GRA (Grey-GRA — Grey extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Deng, J. L. in 1989. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 11989
decision making

GREY-MABAC

GREY-MABAC (Grey-MABAC — Grey extension of MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamucar, D., Cirovic, G. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12015
decision making

GREY-MARCOS

GREY-MARCOS (Grey-MARCOS — Grey extension of MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stević, Ž., Pamučar, D., Puška, A., Chatterjee, P. in 2020. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12020
decision making

GREY-MOORA

GREY-MOORA (Grey-MOORA — Grey extension of MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkic, D., Magdalinovic, N., Jovanovic, R., Stojanovic, S. in 2012. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12012
decision making

GREY-PROJECTION

GREY-PROJECTION (Grey-Projection — Grey extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Liu, S., Lin, Y. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Chanzo 12013
← 45 / 156 →